What Are Your Options After High School?

High school graduates have four primary pathways: four-year college, trade school or technical training, military service, and direct workforce entry. Each option offers distinct advantages, requirements, and long-term outcomes. Explore resources like O*NET OnLine, Texas Career Check, and Texas Workforce Commission for detailed career information.

Understanding the differences between college degrees, vocational certifications, military benefits, and entry-level employment helps students make informed decisions aligned with their career goals, financial situation, and learning preferences.

4
Primary Post-Secondary Pathways
College, trade school, military, and workforce entry each lead to successful careers

Source: U.S. Department of Education (2024)

73%
Trade School Employment Rate
Of graduates employed within 6 months of completion

Source: National Center for Education Statistics (2023)

$50K+
Skilled Trade Starting Salaries
Many trades offer competitive pay without four-year degree debt

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics (2024)

Understanding Post-Secondary Education vs Workforce Pathways

Post-secondary education includes any formal training or education after high school graduation. This encompasses four-year universities, community colleges, trade schools, technical institutes, and military training programs. Students should consider factors like housing options when planning their college experience.

Workforce pathways involve entering employment directly after high school, gaining skills through on-the-job training, company development programs, or while pursuing part-time education.

Students can combine pathways: work while attending community college, complete military service then use GI Bill benefits for college, or enter the workforce then pursue vocational certification based on career interests.

🎯 Key Planning Principle

Your first choice after high school is not permanent. Many successful professionals combine pathways or change direction based on experience, financial circumstances, or evolving career interests. Focus on making the best strategic decision for your current situation.

College Pathways: Universities & Community Colleges ▼

College pathways include four-year universities, two-year community colleges, and liberal arts colleges. Understanding admission requirements, degree types, and financial aid options helps students select institutions aligned with their academic goals and budget. Students can strengthen applications through advanced coursework like AP, IB, and dual credit programs.

Four-Year Universities vs Community Colleges

Four-Year Universities

Public and private universities offer bachelor's degrees (typically 120-128 credits over four years) in hundreds of majors. Universities provide research opportunities, extensive facilities, diverse student organizations, and pathways to graduate school.

Average Annual Cost:

  • Public in-state: $10,000-$25,000
  • Public out-of-state: $25,000-$45,000
  • Private universities: $35,000-$75,000

Source: College Board, Trends in College Pricing (2024)

Community Colleges (Two-Year)

Community colleges offer associate degrees (60 credits over two years), technical certificates, and transfer pathways to four-year universities. They provide affordable general education credits, flexible scheduling, and career-focused programs.

Average Annual Cost: $3,500-$8,000 (often less with financial aid)

Source: American Association of Community Colleges (2024)

Transfer Benefits: Students can complete general education requirements at community college, then transfer to a four-year university, potentially saving $30,000-$60,000 in tuition while earning the same bachelor's degree.

💡 Strategic College Planning

The "2+2 pathway" (two years community college + two years university) has become increasingly popular. Students save money on general education courses while exploring majors before committing to an expensive four-year institution. Many states have guaranteed transfer agreements ensuring community college credits transfer seamlessly.

College Admission Requirements

Typical Four-Year University Requirements

Community College Admission

Most community colleges have open admission policies, accepting all high school graduates or GED holders. Requirements typically include:

  • High school diploma or GED
  • Placement tests for math and English (to determine starting course level)
  • Proof of residency (for in-state tuition rates)

College Application Timeline

Junior Year - Fall

Research & Planning

Research colleges, attend college fairs, take PSAT, begin building college list (reach, target, safety schools). Review your 4-Year Plan. See 11th grade and 10th grade planning guides.

Junior Year - Spring

Testing & Visits

Take SAT/ACT, schedule campus visits, meet with school counselor for support sessions, research scholarship opportunities. See Standardized Testing resources.

Summer Before Senior Year

Application Preparation

Draft college essays, finalize college list, gather application materials, prepare for interviews, work on your resume, and attend college orientation sessions

Senior Year - Fall

Submit Applications

Complete applications (Early Decision/Early Action by Nov 1-15, Regular Decision by Jan 1-15, or Rolling Admissions throughout the year), request transcripts and recommendations. Programs like QuestBridge help low-income students. See 12th grade guide.

Senior Year - Winter/Spring

Financial Aid & Decision

Complete FAFSA (opens October 1) or TASFA for Texas students, review financial aid packages, make final college decision by May 1. If waitlisted, follow up with schools.

Types of College Degrees

Degree Type Duration Credits Common Uses
Associate Degree (AA/AS) 2 years 60 Transfer preparation, career entry, technical skills
Bachelor's Degree (BA/BS) 4 years 120-128 Professional careers, graduate school preparation
Master's Degree (MA/MS/MBA) 1-2 years 30-60 Advanced careers, specialization, salary increase
Doctoral Degree (PhD/EdD) 4-7 years Varies Research, academia, specialized fields

Scholarships & Financial Aid ▼

Financial aid makes college affordable through grants, scholarships, work-study, and loans. Understanding the FAFSA or TASFA process, scholarship opportunities, and aid types helps families minimize college costs and student debt.

FAFSA & TASFA: Financial Aid Applications

The FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid) and TASFA (Texas Application for State Financial Aid) are gateways to grants, work-study, and student loans. FAFSA is for U.S. citizens and eligible non-citizens, while TASFA is for Texas residents who don't qualify for federal aid. Both are required by most colleges for institutional aid and by many scholarship programs.

FAFSA & TASFA Key Facts

FAFSA (Federal Aid):

  • Eligibility: U.S. citizens and eligible non-citizens
  • Opens: October 1 each year (for the following academic year)
  • Deadline: Federal deadline June 30, but state and college deadlines are earlier (often February-March)
  • Required Information: Student and parent tax returns, W-2s, bank statements, investment records
  • Renewal: Must complete annually for each year of college
  • Website: studentaid.gov/fafsa

TASFA (Texas State Aid):

  • Eligibility: Texas residents who don't qualify for federal aid (certain visa holders, DACA recipients, etc.)
  • Opens: October 1 each year
  • Deadline: January 15 for priority consideration
  • Required Information: Similar to FAFSA (tax returns, income documentation)
  • Benefits: Access to Texas state grants, institutional aid, and some scholarships
  • Website: startheretexas.org

⚡ Submit Early for Maximum Aid

Many states and colleges award aid on a first-come, first-served basis. Submit your FAFSA or TASFA as close to October 1 as possible to maximize your financial aid eligibility. Even high-income families should complete FAFSA—many schools require it for merit scholarships.

Types of Financial Aid

Grants (Free Money - No Repayment)

  • Pell Grant: Federal grant for low-income students ($750-$7,395/year based on need)
  • Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG): Additional federal grant for students with exceptional need ($100-$4,000/year)
  • State Grants: Vary by state; many require in-state college attendance and state residency
  • Institutional Grants: Provided by colleges from their own funds

Scholarships (Free Money - No Repayment)

Scholarships are awarded based on merit, achievements, demographics, or specific criteria. Unlike grants, they don't require demonstrating financial need.

Types of Scholarships:

  • Merit-Based: Academic achievement, test scores, GPA
  • Athletic: Sports performance (NCAA, NAIA divisions)
  • Talent-Based: Arts, music, theater, writing
  • Demographic: Ethnicity, gender, first-generation, military families
  • Major-Specific: STEM, education, nursing, business
  • Community Service: Volunteer work, leadership
  • Local: Community organizations, employers, religious groups

Scholarship Search Resources:

Federal Work-Study (Earn While Learning)

Work-study provides part-time jobs for students with financial need, allowing them to earn money for education expenses. Jobs are often on-campus or with approved community organizations.

  • Typical Earnings: $2,000-$5,000/year
  • Hours: Usually 10-20 hours per week during school
  • Pay: At least federal minimum wage, paid directly to student
  • Jobs: Library assistant, research aide, administrative work, tutoring
  • Benefit: Flexible scheduling around classes, relevant work experience

Student Loans (Must Be Repaid)

Loans should be the last resort after grants, scholarships, and work-study. Federal loans offer better terms than private loans.

Federal Student Loans:

  • Direct Subsidized Loans: For students with financial need; government pays interest while in school
  • Direct Unsubsidized Loans: Not based on need; interest accrues during school
  • Loan Limits: $5,500-$12,500/year for dependent undergrads
  • Interest Rates: Fixed rates set by Congress (currently 5.50% for undergrads)
  • Repayment: Begins 6 months after graduation; income-driven plans available

Private Student Loans:

  • From banks and lenders, not the government
  • Variable interest rates (often higher)
  • Credit check required; may need cosigner
  • Fewer repayment protections than federal loans
  • Recommendation: Only use after exhausting federal loan options

Scholarship Application Tips

✓ Start Early: Begin searching junior year; many deadlines are fall of senior year
✓ Apply Broadly: Apply to 15-30 scholarships to increase odds
✓ Focus on Local: Local scholarships often have fewer applicants and better odds
✓ Customize Essays: Tailor each application to the specific scholarship criteria
✓ Meet Deadlines: Use a calendar to track all application deadlines
✓ Request Strong Recommendations: Ask teachers who know you well and give them adequate notice
✓ Proofread Everything: Errors can disqualify otherwise strong applications
$7.4K
Average Pell Grant
For students from families earning under $30,000/year

Source: Federal Student Aid (2024)

85%
Students Receive Aid
Of full-time undergrads receive some form of financial aid

Source: National Center for Education Statistics (2023)

$29K
Average Bachelor's Debt
For students who borrow federal loans

Source: Federal Student Aid (2024)

Trade Schools & Technical Careers ▼

Skilled trades offer stable careers with competitive salaries without requiring a four-year degree. Trade schools, apprenticeships, and technical colleges provide focused training in high-demand fields with strong employment prospects. Gain hands-on experience through internships & apprenticeships.

Why Choose a Trade Career?

  • Shorter Training: Most programs 6 months to 2 years (vs 4 years for bachelor's)
  • Lower Cost: Trade school tuition $3,000-$33,000 total (vs $40,000-$200,000+ for 4-year degree)
  • Hands-On Learning: Practical skills training rather than academic theory
  • High Demand: Skilled trade shortage means excellent job prospects
  • Competitive Pay: Many trades earn $50,000-$90,000+ annually
  • Job Security: Essential services that can't be outsourced
  • Entrepreneurship: Easier path to starting your own business
  • No Debt: Many apprenticeships pay you while you learn

🔧 Trades Are High-Tech Now

Modern trades require advanced technology skills. Electricians program smart home systems, HVAC techs optimize computerized climate controls, and welders operate robotic equipment. These aren't "manual labor" jobs—they're skilled technical careers requiring problem-solving and continuous learning.

High-Demand Trade Careers

Trade/Career Training Duration Median Salary Job Outlook
Electrician 4-5 year apprenticeship $60,040/year +8% (faster than average)
Plumber 4-5 year apprenticeship $59,880/year +5% (as fast as average)
HVAC Technician 6 months - 2 years $51,390/year +6% (faster than average)
Welder 7 months - 2 years $47,010/year +3% (as fast as average)
Dental Hygienist Associate degree (2 years) $81,400/year +9% (much faster than average)
Registered Nurse (RN) Associate or Bachelor's (2-4 years) $81,220/year +6% (faster than average)
Construction Manager Experience + optional degree $101,480/year +8% (faster than average)
Commercial Pilot Flight school (18-24 months) $103,910/year +6% (faster than average)
Elevator Installer/Repairer 4 year apprenticeship $99,000/year +6% (faster than average)
Radiation Therapist Associate degree (2 years) $98,300/year +6% (faster than average)

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook (2024)

Trade School vs Apprenticeship

Trade School/Technical College

  • Format: Classroom and hands-on training at a school
  • Duration: 6 months to 2 years full-time
  • Cost: $3,000-$33,000 tuition
  • Income: No earnings during training
  • Outcome: Certificate or associate degree, then entry-level job
  • Best For: Students who prefer structured classroom learning

Apprenticeship

  • Format: Paid on-the-job training with an employer, plus some classroom hours
  • Duration: 3-5 years (varies by trade)
  • Cost: Free (or minimal for some classroom components)
  • Income: Earn while you learn (starting around 50% of journeyman wage, increasing annually)
  • Outcome: Journeyman certification and full wage upon completion
  • Best For: Students who want to earn money immediately and prefer hands-on learning

💰 Apprenticeship Earnings Example

Electrician apprentices might earn: Year 1: $30,000 | Year 2: $36,000 | Year 3: $42,000 | Year 4: $48,000 | Journeyman: $60,000+. Over 4 years, that's $156,000 earned while training—versus college students paying $40,000-$100,000+ in tuition and expenses.

How to Find Apprenticeships

🏛️

ApprenticeshipUSA

Official U.S. Department of Labor apprenticeship search tool with registered programs nationwide

📋

Department of Labor Apprenticeship

Information on registered apprenticeships, benefits, and how to get started

🔧

Union Apprenticeship Programs

Contact local unions (IBEW for electricians, UA for plumbers, etc.) directly about their apprenticeship programs

🏢

Employer Direct Hiring

Many contractors hire apprentices directly—check company websites and job boards

$60K
Median Trade Salary
Many trades match or exceed bachelor's degree starting salaries

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics (2024)

94%
Apprentice Retention
Of apprentices remain employed after program completion

Source: U.S. Department of Labor (2023)

$300K
Lifetime Earnings Advantage
Apprentices can earn $300,000+ more over their career than traditional students

Source: U.S. Department of Labor (2023)

Military Service & Benefits ▼

Military service offers career training, education benefits, healthcare, and structured career advancement. The five branches (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Coast Guard, and Space Force) provide diverse career opportunities beyond combat roles.

Military Service Options

Active Duty

Full-time military service with comprehensive benefits. Service members work, train, and live on or near military installations.

  • Commitment: Typically 3-6 years initial contract
  • Benefits: Full salary, housing, healthcare, education benefits
  • Experience: Intensive training, leadership development, global deployment

Reserve/National Guard

Part-time military service while maintaining civilian career. Serve one weekend per month plus two weeks annually.

  • Commitment: 6-8 years with part-time service
  • Benefits: Part-time pay, education benefits, healthcare, retirement
  • Experience: Military training while pursuing civilian education or career

Military Academies

Four-year college programs at service academies (West Point, Naval Academy, Air Force Academy, Coast Guard Academy) providing free education in exchange for active duty service commitment.

  • Cost: Free tuition, room, board, and monthly stipend
  • Commitment: 5 years active duty after graduation as an officer
  • Admission: Highly competitive (congressional nomination usually required)

ROTC (Reserve Officers' Training Corps)

Military training program at civilian colleges. Students attend regular college while completing military training, graduating as officers.

  • Scholarships: 2-4 year scholarships covering full or partial tuition
  • Commitment: 4 years active duty (or 8 years Reserve) after graduation
  • Experience: Normal college life plus leadership training

GI Bill Education Benefits

The Post-9/11 GI Bill is one of the most valuable military benefits, providing comprehensive education funding after service completion.

Post-9/11 GI Bill Covers:

  • Tuition & Fees: Full in-state tuition at public colleges OR up to $27,000+/year at private colleges
  • Housing Allowance: Monthly payment based on local housing costs (typically $1,400-$3,600/month)
  • Books & Supplies: Up to $1,000/year
  • Duration: 36 months of benefits (typically covers 4 years undergraduate)
  • Transferability: Can transfer unused benefits to spouse or children (with additional service commitment)

Source: Department of Veterans Affairs (2024)

Eligibility:

Honorable discharge after at least 90 days of active duty service post-9/11/2001. Percentage of benefits based on service length:

  • 36+ months active duty: 100% benefits
  • 30-35 months: 90% benefits
  • 24-29 months: 80% benefits
  • 90 days-6 months: 40-50% benefits

🎓 GI Bill Financial Value

For a veteran attending a 4-year public university, the GI Bill can provide $80,000-$120,000+ in total benefits (tuition + housing + books). At expensive private universities or in high-cost cities, total value can exceed $200,000. This is essentially a full ride to college earned through service.

Military Career Fields

The military offers over 150 career specialties across all industries. Only about 15% of military jobs are combat roles—most are professional careers in technology, healthcare, engineering, administration, and skilled trades.

Sample Military Careers:

  • Medical: Combat medic, nurse, physician, dental technician, medical lab tech
  • Technology: Cybersecurity specialist, network administrator, programmer, intelligence analyst
  • Aviation: Pilot, aircraft mechanic, air traffic controller, aviation electrician
  • Engineering: Civil engineer, electrician, construction manager, surveyor
  • Logistics: Supply chain manager, transportation specialist, inventory manager
  • Administration: Human resources, finance, legal specialist, public affairs
  • Skilled Trades: Mechanic, welder, HVAC technician, plumber, electrician

Many military careers provide certifications and training that transfer directly to civilian jobs, giving veterans a significant advantage in the job market.

Military Compensation & Benefits

Basic Pay (2024 Rates)

  • E-1 (Entry Level): $1,917/month ($23,000/year)
  • E-4 (3 years): $2,634/month ($31,600/year)
  • E-7 (12 years): $3,789-$5,473/month ($45,000-$65,600/year)

Note: Base pay increases with rank and years of service

Source: Defense Finance and Accounting Service (2024)

Additional Benefits (No Cost to Service Members)

  • Housing: Free on-base housing OR tax-free housing allowance ($1,200-$3,000+/month)
  • Food: Free meals at dining facilities OR food allowance ($460/month)
  • Healthcare: Free comprehensive medical, dental, vision for service members and families
  • Education: Tuition Assistance (up to $4,500/year while serving) plus GI Bill after service
  • Vacation: 30 days paid vacation per year
  • Special Pay: Additional pay for hazardous duty, flight duty, language skills, etc.

True Compensation: When you factor in free housing, food, healthcare, and education benefits, an E-4's total compensation package is equivalent to a civilian salary of $50,000-$60,000+/year.

Joining the Military: Requirements & Process

Basic Requirements

  • Age: 17-35 (varies by branch; 17-year-olds need parental consent)
  • Education: High school diploma or GED
  • Citizenship: U.S. citizen or legal permanent resident
  • Physical Fitness: Pass medical exam and fitness test
  • Background: Pass background check and drug screening
  • ASVAB Test: Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (determines job qualification)

Enlistment Process

  1. Talk to a Recruiter: Each branch has recruiters who explain options and requirements
  2. Take the ASVAB: Aptitude test that determines which jobs you qualify for
  3. Medical Exam (MEPS): Physical and psychological evaluation at Military Entrance Processing Station
  4. Choose Your Job: Select from available career fields based on ASVAB scores and openings
  5. Take the Oath: Officially enlist and receive ship date for basic training
  6. Basic Training: 8-13 weeks (varies by branch)
  7. Technical Training: 6 weeks to 2 years depending on career field

⚠️ Important: Talk to Multiple Recruiters

Each branch (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Coast Guard, Space Force) has different strengths, cultures, and job opportunities. Visit multiple recruiters to understand your options before making a decision. You can back out any time before taking the final oath at basic training.

$80K+
Average GI Bill Value
Total education benefits including tuition, housing, and books

Source: Department of Veterans Affairs (2024)

150+
Military Career Fields
Diverse careers in technology, healthcare, trades, and more

Source: U.S. Department of Defense (2024)

$50K+
True E-4 Compensation
Base pay plus housing, food, healthcare, and education benefits

Source: Defense Finance and Accounting Service (2024)

Direct Workforce Entry ▼

Entering the workforce directly after high school allows students to earn income immediately, gain practical experience, and develop career skills. Many companies offer training programs, tuition reimbursement, and advancement opportunities for entry-level employees.

Benefits of Direct Workforce Entry

  • Immediate Income: Start earning money right away instead of paying tuition
  • Real-World Experience: Develop professional skills and workplace habits
  • Career Exploration: Discover interests before committing to expensive education
  • No Student Debt: Avoid loans while building savings
  • On-the-Job Training: Employers provide skills training and certifications
  • Advancement Opportunities: Internal promotions based on performance
  • Flexible Education: Pursue part-time college or certifications while working
  • Professional Network: Build connections in your industry

Entry-Level Career Paths

Retail & Customer Service

  • Starting Roles: Sales associate, cashier, customer service representative
  • Pay Range: $12-$18/hour ($25,000-$37,000/year)
  • Advancement: Shift supervisor → Assistant manager → Store manager ($40,000-$70,000+)
  • Top Employers: Target, Costco, Best Buy, Home Depot (often offer benefits and tuition assistance)

Healthcare Support

  • Starting Roles: Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA), medical assistant, pharmacy technician
  • Pay Range: $14-$20/hour ($29,000-$42,000/year)
  • Training: Short certification programs (4-12 weeks)
  • Advancement: Many hospitals/clinics offer tuition assistance for nursing degrees

Manufacturing & Production

  • Starting Roles: Production worker, machine operator, quality control
  • Pay Range: $15-$24/hour ($31,000-$50,000/year)
  • Benefits: Often includes full benefits, overtime pay, union representation
  • Advancement: Team leader → Production supervisor → Plant manager

Administrative & Office

  • Starting Roles: Receptionist, administrative assistant, data entry
  • Pay Range: $14-$20/hour ($29,000-$42,000/year)
  • Skills Gained: Office software, communication, organization
  • Advancement: Executive assistant → Office manager → Operations manager

Technology & IT Support

  • Starting Roles: Help desk technician, IT support specialist (with certifications)
  • Pay Range: $18-$25/hour ($37,000-$52,000/year)
  • Certifications: CompTIA A+, Network+, Security+ (self-study or community college)
  • Advancement: Systems administrator → Network engineer → IT manager

Hospitality & Food Service

  • Starting Roles: Server, host, cook, barista
  • Pay Range: $12-$18/hour plus tips ($25,000-$45,000/year with tips)
  • Advancement: Shift supervisor → Restaurant manager ($40,000-$60,000+)
  • Benefits: Flexible scheduling, people skills, management experience

Companies with Strong Entry-Level Programs

These employers are known for hiring high school graduates, providing training, benefits, and career advancement:

🏪

Costco

Starting $17-$18/hour, excellent benefits, strong internal promotion culture. Many managers started as cashiers.

📦

UPS

Package handlers $21+/hour, tuition assistance ($25,000 over 5 years), career progression to driver ($95,000/year)

☕

Starbucks

Full tuition coverage through Arizona State University online, healthcare for part-time employees

🏭

Major Manufacturers (Boeing, Toyota, Tesla)

Production positions $18-$28/hour, full benefits, apprenticeship programs, tuition reimbursement

🏦

Banks (Wells Fargo, Bank of America)

Teller positions $16-$20/hour, career pathways to personal banker, management training programs

🏥

Healthcare Systems

CNA, medical assistant, support roles with tuition reimbursement for nursing degrees

Work + Education Strategies

Many students successfully combine work and education:

Employer Tuition Assistance

Many companies offer tuition reimbursement programs:

  • Starbucks: 100% tuition for Arizona State University online bachelor's degree
  • UPS: Earn & Learn program covers up to $25,000 in tuition
  • Chipotle: Up to $5,250/year for degrees or trade certifications
  • Target: Free undergraduate degrees through Guild Education partnership
  • Amazon: Career Choice program prepays 95% of tuition
  • Walmart: $1/day college degree program through Guild Education

Part-Time College While Working

  • Work full-time, take 1-2 online classes per semester
  • Slower pace (6-8 years for bachelor's) but zero debt
  • Apply earnings directly to tuition to avoid loans
  • Build work experience while earning degree

Gap Year Strategy

  • Work for 1-2 years to save money and gain clarity
  • Build savings for college expenses
  • Explore career interests before choosing major
  • Apply to college with real-world experience and savings

💼 Career Advancement Without a Degree

Many successful professionals started in entry-level roles and advanced through performance, certifications, and company training programs. Key skills: reliability, initiative, communication, problem-solving, and willingness to learn. Focus on becoming indispensable, then ask for more responsibility.

65%
Entry-Level Workers
Of high school graduates enter workforce directly

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics (2023)

$25K
Average Starting Salary
For entry-level positions with high school diploma

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics (2024)

43%
Employer Tuition Programs
Of large employers offer education benefits

Source: Society for Human Resource Management (2023)

Career Outlook & Salary Data ▼

Understanding salary expectations, job growth projections, and education requirements helps students make informed career decisions. This data shows median salaries and job outlooks for common careers across education levels. Explore more with CareerOneStop, America's Career InfoNet, O*NET OnLine, Texas Career Check, Texas Wages, Projections Central, and United States Census Bureau (LEHD).

Earnings by Education Level

Education Level Median Weekly Earnings Median Annual Salary Unemployment Rate
Less than High School $682 $35,464 5.8%
High School Diploma $899 $46,748 4.1%
Some College (No Degree) $968 $50,336 3.5%
Associate Degree $1,058 $55,016 3.1%
Bachelor's Degree $1,493 $77,636 2.2%
Master's Degree $1,737 $90,324 2.0%
Doctoral Degree $2,109 $109,668 1.2%

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey (2024)

�� Interpreting the Data

These are median (middle) values—many individuals earn significantly more or less. Trade careers with certifications often out-earn bachelor's degrees in the first 10 years. STEM degrees typically earn above the bachelor's median, while some humanities degrees earn below it. Individual career choice matters more than education level alone.

Fastest Growing Careers (2024-2034 Projections)

Occupation Education Required Growth Rate Median Salary
Wind Turbine Technician Technical training +45% $61,770
Nurse Practitioner Master's degree +38% $126,260
Solar Photovoltaic Installer High school + training +22% $48,800
Data Scientist Bachelor's degree +36% $108,020
Information Security Analyst Bachelor's degree +33% $120,360
Physical Therapist Assistant Associate degree +24% $62,770
Home Health Aide High school + training +22% $33,530
Software Developer Bachelor's degree +17% $132,270
Physician Assistant Master's degree +27% $130,020
Medical and Health Services Manager Bachelor's degree +28% $110,680

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook (2024-2034 Projections)

High-Paying Careers by Education Level

High School Diploma or Less

  • Transportation, Storage, Distribution Manager: $105,580
  • First-Line Supervisor (Construction): $77,850
  • Commercial Pilot: $103,910 (requires flight training)
  • Real Estate Broker: $64,820 (requires license)
  • Power Plant Operator: $100,890

Certificate or Trade School

  • Air Traffic Controller: $132,250
  • Elevator Installer/Repairer: $99,000
  • Nuclear Technician: $101,740
  • Dental Hygienist: $81,400
  • Radiation Therapist: $98,300

Associate Degree

  • Registered Nurse: $81,220
  • Aerospace Engineering Technician: $77,830
  • Nuclear Medicine Technologist: $92,500
  • Web Developer: $84,960
  • Respiratory Therapist: $77,960

Bachelor's Degree

  • Software Developer: $132,270
  • Information Security Analyst: $120,360
  • Petroleum Engineer: $145,720
  • Actuary: $120,000
  • Financial Manager: $156,100
84%
College Degree Premium
Bachelor's degree holders earn 84% more over their career than high school graduates

Source: Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce (2023)

17%
Job Growth
Healthcare occupations growing fastest (16% average through 2034)

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Projections (2024-2034)

2.2%
Bachelor's Unemployment
Lower unemployment rates correlate with higher education

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey (2024)

Frequently Asked Questions ▼

It depends on your career goals, major, and how you pay for it. Bachelor's degree holders earn $1+ million more over their lifetime than high school graduates. However, this varies dramatically by field—STEM and healthcare degrees typically have strong ROI, while some humanities degrees may take longer to pay off.

Keys to maximizing college ROI:

  • Choose a major with clear career pathways
  • Minimize debt by attending affordable schools, starting at community college, or earning scholarships
  • Complete your degree (dropout rates are high and debt without degree is worst outcome)
  • Intern and build experience while in school

Absolutely. Many pathways lead to six-figure incomes without a bachelor's degree:

  • Skilled Trades: Electricians, plumbers, elevator mechanics can earn $70,000-$100,000+
  • Technology: Self-taught developers, IT professionals with certifications
  • Sales: Many sales roles pay heavily on commission
  • Entrepreneurship: Start your own business in service, trades, or online
  • Military: 20-year career provides pension and benefits

Success without a degree requires initiative, continuous learning, strong work ethic, and strategic skill-building.

This is completely normal! Most students are undecided. Consider these strategies:

  • Start at Community College: Explore different subjects affordably while completing general education
  • Take a Gap Year: Work, volunteer, or travel to gain life experience and clarity
  • Job Shadow: Spend time with professionals in fields you're considering
  • Try Different Jobs: Entry-level work experience helps you discover interests
  • Talk to Career Counselors: High schools and colleges have advisors who can help
  • Online Career Assessments: Tools like O*NET Interest Profiler or MyNextMove

Remember: It's better to take time figuring it out than to rush into expensive education for a career you'll hate.

Strategies to minimize college debt:

  • Start at Community College: Save $30,000-$60,000 on first two years
  • Apply to 15-30 Scholarships: Small scholarships add up quickly
  • Choose Affordable Schools: In-state public universities vs expensive private
  • Work Part-Time: 15-20 hours/week can cover living expenses
  • Employer Tuition Assistance: Work for companies that pay for college (Starbucks, UPS, Target)
  • Live at Home: Save $10,000-$15,000/year in room & board
  • CLEP/AP Tests: Test out of courses for credit
  • Graduate in 3 Years: Take extra credits or summer courses
  • Military Service: GI Bill provides full tuition + housing

Modern trades are less physically taxing than often portrayed. Technology has reduced the physical burden (power tools, machinery, automation), and skilled tradespeople primarily problem-solve and operate equipment.

Protecting yourself in trades:

  • Use proper lifting techniques and safety equipment
  • Take advantage of power tools and machinery to reduce strain
  • Progress to supervisory or business ownership roles as you age
  • Many tradespeople transition to estimating, project management, or running their own companies

By comparison, office jobs create their own health issues (sedentary lifestyle, repetitive stress injuries, eye strain). Every career has physical considerations.

Career changes are increasingly common—the average person changes careers 5-7 times in their lifetime. Your first choice doesn't lock you in forever.

Career pivot strategies:

  • Transferable Skills: Communication, problem-solving, and leadership transfer across industries
  • Online Learning: Coursera, Udemy, community colleges offer affordable retraining
  • Employer Tuition Assistance: Many employers will pay for education in new fields
  • Gradual Transition: Build new skills part-time while keeping current job
  • Related Roles: Move to adjacent careers leveraging existing experience

Example: Electrician → HVAC technician → Building systems engineer → Energy efficiency consultant. Skills build upon each other.

Military service can be an excellent option if you want:

  • Free Education: GI Bill covers full college tuition + housing after service
  • Career Training: 150+ career fields with technical training
  • Immediate Stability: Guaranteed salary, housing, healthcare, food
  • Leadership Development: Rapid responsibility and management experience
  • Travel Opportunities: Possibility of stationed overseas
  • Veteran Benefits: Home loans, healthcare, hiring preference

Important considerations:

  • Physical fitness requirements and basic training
  • Deployment possibility (varies greatly by branch and job)
  • 4-6 year commitment minimum
  • Structured environment with less personal freedom
  • Talk to multiple branch recruiters before deciding
  • Certificate: Focused training in a specific skill (3 months to 1 year). Examples: CNA, Welding Certificate, Phlebotomy, IT Certifications. Cost: $500-$5,000.
  • Diploma: Trade school completion (1-2 years) demonstrating mastery of a trade. More comprehensive than certificate. Examples: HVAC Diploma, Cosmetology Diploma. Cost: $3,000-$15,000.
  • Associate Degree (AA/AS): 2-year college degree (60 credits) including general education + major courses. Can transfer to bachelor's program. Cost: $7,000-$16,000 total.
  • Bachelor's Degree (BA/BS): 4-year university degree (120 credits) with in-depth major study. Required for many professional careers. Cost: $40,000-$200,000+ total.

Yes! Many students successfully combine work and education:

Full-Time Work + Part-Time College:

  • Take 1-2 online classes per semester (6-8 years to bachelor's)
  • Pay as you go to avoid debt
  • Build career experience while earning degree
  • Use employer tuition assistance programs

Part-Time Work + Full-Time College:

  • 15-20 hours/week covers living expenses
  • On-campus jobs (library, dining) accommodate class schedules
  • Internships provide career-relevant experience
  • Weekend/evening jobs maximize study time

Key to success: Strong time management, online/evening classes, supportive employer, realistic course load.

For most careers, school prestige matters far less than you think. Factors that matter more:

  • Your Major: Engineering degree value is similar across most schools
  • Your Performance: High GPA at state school > mediocre GPA at elite school
  • Internships & Experience: Work experience matters more than school name
  • Skills & Portfolio: What you can do matters more than where you learned
  • Network & Connections: Built through involvement, not just admissions selectivity
  • Cost Consideration: $200,000 debt from prestige school vs. $30,000 from state school affects your life for decades

When prestige matters more: Investment banking, management consulting, academia, certain law firms. For 95% of careers, affordable accredited school + strong performance wins.